AMD R9 Fury X

The R9 Fury X was AMD's flagship showcase for GCN 3 "Fiji" and, notably, for HBM memory - a then-novel high-bandwidth stacked memory type that gave this card 512GB/s of bandwidth from just 4GB of capacity, routed through an unusually wide 4096-bit interface. With 4096 cores, it was AMD's most powerful single-GPU card of 2015.

That performance came at a steep 275W power draw and required liquid cooling in its reference design, firmly a high-end desktop part. The 4GB capacity limit - small even then relative to its compute power - became its main weakness in later, more VRAM-hungry games, but it remains a landmark card for introducing HBM to consumer graphics.